Episode 38: The Weird History of Gynecology

  • Steinberg, W., & Muntner, S. (1965). Maimonides’ views on gynecology and obstetrics. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91(3), 443–448.

  • Soranus, Gynecology

  • Thierry, M. 1997. Vaginal speculum: the developmental history of a gynecologic instrument. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 1997;59(1):13-8.

  • Monica Green. Women's Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe Signs, Vol. 14, No. 2, Working Together in the Middle Ages: Perspectives on Women's Communities (Winter, 1989), pp. 434-473

  • Sandelowski, M. (2000). ‘This Most Dangerous Instrument Propriety, Power, and the Vaginal Speculum. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 29(1), 73–82.

  • Jennifer Stroud Rossmann 2008. Built to Spec? The vaginal speculum as a case study of inadequate design. Ambidextrous. https://dspace.lafayette.edu/bitstream/handle/10385/589/Rossmann-Ambidextrous-vol10-2008.pdf?sequence=1 

  • Jeffrey S. Sartin. 2004. J. Marion Sims, the Father of Gynecology: Hero or villain? Southern Medical Journal Vol. 97, Issue 5.

  • Rose Elveleth. 2014. Why No One Can Design a Better Speculum. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/11/why-no-one-can-design-a-better-speculum/382534/

  • Peter M. Dunn. 1999. The Chamberlen family (1560–1728) and obstetric forceps. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 81. 

  • Sukhera Sheikh, Inithan Ganesaratnam, and Haider Jan. 2013. The Birth of Forceps. JRSM Short Rep. Jul; 4(7): 1–4.

  • Lauren Dundes. 1987. The Evolution of Maternal Birthing Position. Public Health Then and Now. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.77.5.636

  • J. Patrick O'Leary. 2004. J. Marion Sims: a defense of the Father of Gynecology. Southern Medical Journal. Vol. 97, Issue 5.

  • Selim Kadioglu, Oya Ogenler and Ilter Uzel, 2017. A Classical Wooden Vaginal Speculum Mentioned in Old Medical Manuscripts. Arch. Iran. Med. 20(3) 193-195.



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Episodes 36 & 37: Chinese Dynasties, One by One