Episode 56: What’s the History of Timbuktu?

Joshua Hammer. 2014. The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu and their Race to save the World’s Most Precious Manuscripts. 

Marq de Villiers and Sheila Hirtle. 2007. Timbuktu: The Sahara’s Fabled City of Gold. 

Frank T. Kryza. 2006. The Race for Timbuktu. 

Ousmane Oumar Kane. 2016. Beyond Timbuktu: An Intellectual History of Muslim West Africa. 

John. O. Hunwick. Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa’dis Ta’rikh al-sudan down to 1613 and other Contemporary Documents. 

D. Vance Smith. 2021. “Africa Writes Back.” https://aeon.co/essays/africas-ancient-scripts-counter-european-ideas-of-literacy

Joshua Hammer, 2014. ‘The Brave Sage of Timbuktu: Abdel Kader Haidara’ https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/140421-haidara-timbuktu-manuscripts-mali-library-conservation

Ibn Batuta. Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354. Trans. A.A.R Gibb. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62617/page/n5/mode/2up .

Francois-Xavier Fauvelle. 2018.The Golden Rhinoceros: Histories of the African Middle Ages. Trans. Trans. Troy Tice.